Literary+Device

=Allegory=
 * ===A piece of literature (novel, short story, poem, play, picture, etc.) in which the apparent meaning of the characters, objects, events, or setting is used to symbolize a deeper moreal, spiritual meaning, or truth about humanity or life=== ||
 * Characters represent: ||  || Textual Support ||
 * Hester || public shame; acknowledgement of sin; isolation; turns sin into being a role model || Dimmesdale: pg. 59. "Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there on a pedestal of shame.""Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life."(chapter 3. paragraph 26) ||
 * Dimmesdale || hidden sin; guilt and shame || Dimmesdale: pg. 233. "May God forgive me! Thou, too, hast deeply sinned!""None!- nothing but despair!" (187) ||
 * Chillingworth || revenge; punisher; nemesis || Chillingworth: pg. 67. "Thou wilt not reveal his name? Not the less he is mine.""Thou hast escaped me." (251) ||
 * Pearl || she lives according to her own will and spirit || Hawthorne: pg. 237. "So Pearl-the elf-child-the demon offspring..." ||
 * Governor Bellingham || example of a hypocritical Puritan leader, who does not abide by his own rules. Hawthorne uses him to convey to the reader how hypocritical the Puritans were. || " Hester Prynne one day went to the mansion of governor bellingham with a pair of gloves which she had fringed and embroidered to his order." (96) ||
 * Objects represent: ||  ||   ||
 * Scarlet Letter || sin, punishment, shame, confusion || Hawthorne: pg. 193. "Pearl put up her mouth, and kissed the scarlet letter too!" ||
 * Scaffold || justice, honesty, confession || Hawthorne: pg. 132. "Where Hester Prynne had lived through her first hours of public ignominy." ||
 * A in the sky || the A in the sky represented a bad omen, and it is to show that something bad is going to happen in the near future. || "the letter A marked out in lines of dull red light" (152) ||

=Flashback=
 * === A narrative technique that allows an author to present past events during current events in order to provide background for the current narration === ||
 * Examples from novel || Quotes to support || Effect on the reader ||
 * Hester reflects back on her life before the sin || Hawthorne: pg. 56. "Standing on that miserable eminence, she saw again her native village, in old England, and her paternal home..." || Hester had a better life before she sinned and she misses it, she is regretful for committing the sin ||
 * Hester reflects on how Chillingworth has changed || Hawthorne: pg. 166. "But the former aspect of an intelectual and studious man, calm and quiet, which was what she best remembered in him, had all together vanished and been succeeded by and eager, searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look." || Chillingworth has changed significantly over the past seven years. He has gone from an intelletual man to a revenge filled devil ||
 * Hester on the scaffold || “Standing on that miserable eminence, she saw again her native village, in Old England, and her paternal home; a decayed house of gray stone, with a poverty-stricken aspect, but retaining a half-obliterated shield of arms over the portal, in token of antique gentility. She saw her father’s face, with its bald brow and reverend white beard that flowed over the old-fashioned Elizabethan ruff; her mother’s, too, with the look of heedful and anxious love which it always wore in her remembrance, and which, even since her death, had so often laid the impediment of a gentle remonstrance in her daughter’s pathway. She saw her own face, glowing with girlish beauty, and illuminating all the interior of the dusky mirror in which she had been wont to gaze at it. There she beheld another countenance, of a man well stricken in years, a pale, thin, scholar-like visage, with eyes dim and bleared by the lamplight that had served them to pore over many ponderous books. Yet those same bleared optics had a strange, penetrating power, when it was their owner’s purpose to read the human soul. The figure of the study and the cloister, as Hester Prynne’s womanly fancy failed not to recall, was slightly deformed, with the left shoulder a trifle higher than the right. Next rose before her, in memory’s picture gallery, the intricate and narrow thoroughfares, the tall, gray houses, the huge cathedrals, the public edifices, ancient in date and quaint in architecture, of a Continental city, where a new life had awaited her, still in connection with the misshapen scholar; a new life, but feeding itself on time-worn materials, like a tuft of green moss on a crumbling wall.” (56-57) || The beginning of the flashback showed Hester’s upbringing in Europe. As she stood in front of her Puritan community publicly admitting her sins, she thought of all the events that occurred that led up to that point in time. She thought back to her “poverty-stricken” life, as well as her family. The flashback then introduced a new character that would become a significant part of the story, though it remains a mystery to the reader exactly who this man is at the time. As this “deformed” man was described, the flashback formed a new sense of mystery, especially with how this man was able to “read the human soul”. Hester also showed that she had a strong connection with this peculiar man; her “womanly fancy” was able to clearly recall certain traits about him, presenting a link between these two people.The flashback then introduced a new character that would become a significant part of the story, though it remains a mystery to the reader exactly who this man is at the time. As this “deformed” man was described, the flashback formed a new sense of mystery, especially with how this man was able to “read the human soul”. Hester also showed that she had a strong connection with this peculiar man; her “womanly fancy” was able to clearly recall certain traits about him, presenting a link between these two people. ||


 * ===Hints or clues as to what will happen=== ||
 * **Chapter 12** || **Quote** || **Explanation** ||
 * Page149-150 || Wilt thou stand here with Mother and me, tomorrow noontide?” inquired Pearl “Not so, my child. I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee one other day, but not tomorrow.” || The second scaffold scene when Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl stand on the scaffold together, at night, holding hands. This foreshadows the last scaffold scene, when Dimmesdale calls Hester and Pearl to the scaffold during the Election Procession. ||


 * **Chapter 6** || ** Quote ** |||| ** Explanation ** ||
 * Pg.88 || Mindful however, of her own errors and misfortunes, she early sought to impose a tender but strict control over the infant… || Hester was teaching Pearl how to be independent even at such a young age. ||
 * Pg. 94 || She resisted the impulse and sat erect pale as death looking sadly into Pearl’s wide eyes. || She is thinking about her husband and how sad she is sad and lonely. ||  ||   ||
 * Chapter 8 || Quote || Explanation ||  ||
 * Pg. 111 || ““O, not so! – not so!” continued Mr.Dimmesdale “she recognizes, believe me the solemn miracle which God hath wrought, in the existence of that child…herein is the sinful mother happier than the sinful father.”” || Dimmesdale is the father he regrets not confessing, and feels bad because Hester has to take all of the shame and he is getting none of it. ||
 * Pg.112 || ““Pearl, that wild and flighty little elf, stole softly towards him, and, taking his hand in the grasp of both her own, laid her cheek against it; a caress so tender, and withal so unobtrusive, that her mother, who was looking on, asked herself, - “is that my Pearl?”” || Pearl was not interactive with people and was comfortable with Dimmesdale proving that he is the father. ||  ||   ||
 * ** Chapter 9 ** || ** Quotes ** || ** Explanations ** ||
 * Pg. 120 || “So Roger Chillingworth-the man of skill, the kind and friendly physician-strove to go deep into his patient’s bosom” || People believe that Chillingworth is evil and is probably planning to hurt Dimmesdale. ||
 * Pg. 124 || “…was haunted either by Satan himself, or by Satan’s emissary, in the guise of old Roger Chillingworth.” ||  ||
 * Pg. 118 || “ …great alarm at his pastor’s state of health, but was anxious to attempt the cure…” ||  ||
 * Pg. 123 || “He testified to having seen the physician, under other name…” ||  ||
 * ** Chapter 10 ** || ** Quote ** || ** Explanation ** ||
 * Page # 128 || “Yet some men bury their secrets” || Chillingworth is hinting at the fact Dimmesdale has a secret ||
 * Page# 128 || “But not to suggest…of their nature” || Dimmesdale wants to tell his secret but wont. ||
 * Page # 125 || “He had begun an investigation…wrongs inflicted on himself.” || Foretells an investigation by Chillingworth for the truths bout Dimmesdale. ||
 * **Chapter 11** || ** Quote ** |||| ** Explanation ** ||
 * Pg136 || “to whom nothing else could so adequately pay the debt of vengeance” || Chillingworth became vengeful after he saw the mark on Dimmesdale’s chest, so there must lie some truth in the mark. ||
 * Pg140 || “I, your pastor, whom you so reference and trust, am utterly a pollution and a lie” || Dimmesdale is saying that he is a bad person and that he is vile, hinting at a secret sin ||
 * **Chapter 11** || ** Quote ** |||| ** Explanation ** ||
 * Pg136 || “to whom nothing else could so adequately pay the debt of vengeance” || Chillingworth became vengeful after he saw the mark on Dimmesdale’s chest, so there must lie some truth in the mark. ||
 * Pg140 || “I, your pastor, whom you so reference and trust, am utterly a pollution and a lie” || Dimmesdale is saying that he is a bad person and that he is vile, hinting at a secret sin ||
 * Pg140 || “I, your pastor, whom you so reference and trust, am utterly a pollution and a lie” || Dimmesdale is saying that he is a bad person and that he is vile, hinting at a secret sin ||


 * ==Irony:== ||
 * Examples from text: || Quote support || Explanation ||
 * Chapter 2 || "Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom...meant for a punishment?" (52 blue book) ||  ||
 * Chapter 2 || "There she beheld another countenance..This figure of the study and the cloister...was slightly deformed" (56-57 blue book) ||  ||
 * Chapter 2 ||  ||   ||


 * ==Satire:== ||
 * Examples from text || Quote support || Effect on the reader ||
 * When Hester gets caught committing adultery the old women of the town want her to be branded because that's what they would feel fitting for what she has done || “The ladies are called church members in good repute… They want to put a brand of hot iron on Hester's forehead.” || This shows that even though the puritan are very religious people they are also very barbaric when they try to punish the people that sin within their community. ||
 * Hester goes to the mansion of the governor who lives in an illustrious mansion who is also ordering very fancy gloves || "Hester went to the mansion of the governor to deliver him fringed and embroidered cloves.” || The puritans were supposed to be very simple people while the person in charge of their community is living on his high horse in the community. ||
 * Dimmsedale is walking through the woods while he is the priest of a puritan community has to actually try to stop himself from teaching swear words to a group of children. || “Teach some very wicked words to a knot of little puritan children who were playing there.” || The puritan society is being shown as not so pure in this situation when the priest of the community is teaching children swear words it shows how rudimentary their society is. ||
 * Chapter 17 || "More misery, Hester!--only the more misery!" "As concerns the good which I appear to do, I have no faith in it" (187 blue book) ||  ||

Symbolism and Imagery
Roses The armor in the Governor's house:
 * = Chapter 1 ||= Quote ||= Explanation ||
 * = page 46(blue) ||= "symbolize some sweet moral blossom...relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow" ||= roses symbolize the inherent goodness in people. The rosebush is described vividly ||
 * Chapter 7 || Quote || Explanation ||  ||
 * Page# 102 || “It was represented in exaggerated and gigantic proportions…” || The scarlet letter is the most prominent feature in the reflection and of Hester’s life. ||
 * Page#102 || “Look of naughty merriment… reflected in the mirror.” || Hester felt as if Pearl were another one of the scourging townspeople while the A is described so clearly as a reflection ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Pearl's attire: ||
 * Chapter 8 page 105 (blue) || "little bird of scarlet plumage""sun shining through a richly painted window and tracing out the golden and crimson images across the floor""Ruby, rather!--or Coral!--or Red Rose" || The Puritans see Hester's dressing of Pearl as a sign of something evil and unorthodox. Neither of them seem fit as Puritan followers. ||
 * The herbs collected by Chillingworth: ||
 * Chapter 10 || Quote || Explanation ||
 * Page 127 (blue) || "herbs, with such a dark, flabby leaf""growing on a grave which bore no tombstone""ugly weeds""black weeds have sprung up out of a buried heart to make manifest an unspoken crime" || the herbs from the unmarked grave represent how unrevealed sins affect the sinner ||
 * Chillingworth's Intentions: ||
 * Chapter 10 page 125 (blue) || "like a sexton delving into a grave, possible in quest of a jewel that had been buried on the dead man's bossom" || Chillingworth is digging into Dimmesdale's heart to find out his secret, if he is Pearl's father ||
 * Chapter 10 page 125 (blue) || "physician's eyes, burning blue and ominous, like the reflection of a furnace" || Chillingworth's desire for revenge can be seen from the depths of his soul. It is taking over his whole being. ||